The following terms may be used on novarra.com and within Novarra materials. The definitions below are intended to provide context for usage by Novarra relating to the company’s products, services and customers.
2.5G - As Mobile Network Operators added packet switching to 2G circuit switched networks in order to better manage data services, the resulting network infrastructure was referred to as 2.5G. more…
3.5G - A protocol for mobile telephone data transmission designed to speed up network capacity and data transmission rate of cellular phones. It is also known as a HSPDA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access). more…
3G - Mobile network infrastructure standards that allow for simultaneous voice and data services. more…
3GPP - The production of technical specifications for a 3rd Generation Mobile System based on the evolved Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) core networks. more…
3Xplorer - The brand name created by 3 Hong Kong for its mobile browser and mobile Internet service that is based upon the Novarra Vision platform. more…
Active-X - A set of rules designed for controlling Windows applications that are downloaded and run on a browser. more…
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) - A group of interrelated web development techniques used on the client-side to create interactive web applications or rich Internet applications. more…
API (Application Programming Interface) - A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. more…
ARPU (Average Revenue per User) - A measure of revenues, in a specified period (e.g. monthly, quarterly or annually), on a per user or subscriber basis. more…
ASP (Application Service Provider) - A third-party entity that manages and distributes software-based services and solutions to customers across a wide area network from a central data center. more…
Black List - A basic access control mechanism that allows everyone access, except for the members of the black list (i.e. list of denied accesses). see Novarra Vision…
BREW (Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless) - An application development platform created by QUALCOMM Inc. originally developed for CDMA handsets, but has been ported to other air interfaces including GSM and GPRS. more…
Browser - Short for web browser, a software application used to find and display web pages. more…
Browser Engine, Rendering Engine, Web Runtime Engine - Software that takes marked up content (such as HTML, XML, image files, etc.) and formatting information (such as CSS, XSL, etc.) and displays the formatted content on the screen. see Novarra Vision…
C++ - A general-purpose middle-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Laboratories as an enhancement to the C programming language. more…
Cache, Memory Cache, Caching - Memory that is set aside to store recently used information where it can be accessed extremely fast. more…
Carrier, Mobile Network Operator, Service Provider - A telecommunication company that provides services for mobile phone subscribers. Also known as mobile phone operator, carrier service provider (CSP), wireless service provider (WSP), wireless carrier, mobile phone operator, or cellular company. see Novarra Vision…
Carrier-Grade - In telecommunication refers to a system, or a hardware or software component that is extremely reliable, well tested and proven in its capabilities. see Novarra Vision…
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) - A digital cellular technology that uses a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single transmission channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth. more…
Churn, Subscriber Churn - The turnover within a subscriber base of new customers balanced by those leaving the network in a given period. more…
Clickstream - The recording of what a user clicks on while Web browsing or using another software application. see Novarra Vision…
Client - An application or system that accesses a remote service on another computer system (server). see Novarra Vision…
Content Optimization - Real-time adaptation of standard web-based content, including HTML, JavaScript and WML. see Novarra Vision…
Content Transformation, Content Transformation Server (CTS) - A network element that automatically transforms web sites and web applications so that they can be accessed from mobile networks and mobile devices. see Novarra Vision…
Contextual Advertising - Advertising on a web site that is targeted to the specific individual who is visiting the web site. see Novarra Vision…
Cookies, Tracking Cookie, Browser Cookie, HTTP Cookie - Small pieces of web server generated information (text) embedded in HTML and stored for future access by the user’s web browser. more…
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) - A mechanism for adding style (e.g. fonts, colors, spacing) to web documents. more…
Data Payload, Over The Air (OTA) Payload - The actual data in a file or packet minus all headers attached for transport and all descriptive meta-data. see Novarra Vision…
Desktop View, PC View - A feature that displays the web page, on a mobile device, as you would see it on a desktop browser (extensive use of vertical and horizontal scrolling). Also called PC View. see Novarra Vision…
Device Manufacturer, Handset Manufacturer, Handset OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer) - The term used to describe the manufacturers that make mobile devices, such as Motorola, Nokia, Samsung, etc. An OEM manufactures products or components which are purchased by a second company and retailed under the second company’s brand name. see Novarra Vision…
DHTML (Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language) - Generally used to refer to the code behind interactive web pages not driven using plug-ins such as Flash or Java. The term sums the combined functionality available to web developers using HTML, CSS, the Document Object Model, and JavaScript. more…
DOM (Document Object Model) - A specification for representing the elements of a hierarchical entity such as a web page. more…
dotMobiTM - A leading mobile Internet services company, helping businesses and individuals reach the world’s billions of mobile phone users. .mobi is the top-level domain designed to let consumers know the site will work on a mobile phone. more…
Drei - Hutchison 3G Austria (Drei), a subsidiary of Hong Kong-based Hutchison Whampoa, is a leading provider of mobile multimedia communications services in the Austrian market. more…
EasyEdge To Go - The brand name created by U.S. Cellular for its mobile browser and mobile Internet service that is based upon the Novarra Vision platform. more…
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) - A computer software system used to manage and coordinate all the resources, information, and functions of a business from shared data stores. see Novarra Vision…
EVDO (Evolution, Data-Only) (Evolution, Data-Optimized) - A standard for high speed wireless networks used for Broadband Internet connectivity. more…
EWD (Engines for Wireless Data) - Novarra’s solution (now known as VisionTM) that adapts enterprise applications to handheld devices, manages wireless connectivity and delivers end-to-end security. see Novarra Vision…
Fit to Screen View - A feature that displays the web page, on a mobile device, to fit the width of the mobile phone’s screen and there is no horizontal scrolling. see Novarra Vision…
Five Nines, 5 9s, (99.999%) - Refers to a desired percentage of availability of a given computer system. see Novarra Vision…
Flash, Flash Animation, Flash Video - A multimedia platform (originally Macromedia, and now Adobe) used to add animation and interactivity to web pages. more…
Fragmentation - multitude of varying handset platforms and mobile development standards create a “fragmentation” challenge for mobile developers and operators to reach mass-market audience. see Novarra Vision…
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - A protocol used for uploading/downloading files over the Internet. more…
Full Screen - A feature that displays the web page, on a mobile device, and the soft key labels are removed in order to have a larger viewing area. see Novarra Vision…
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) - A packet oriented mobile data service that runs at speeds up to 115 kilobits per second. Also informally referred to as 2.5G. more…
GPS (Global Positioning System) - A worldwide medium earth orbit satellite navigational system formed by 24 satellites orbiting the earth and their corresponding receivers on the earth. more…
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) - A digital cellular systems that uses narrowband Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), which allows eight simultaneous calls on the same radio frequency. more…
GUI (Graphical User Interface), UI (User Interface) - Refers to the graphical, textual, and auditory information the program presents to the user, and the control sequences (such as keystrokes with the computer keyboard, movements of the computer mouse, and selections with the touchscreen) the user employs to control the program. more…
GZIP (GNU Zip) - A file compression format for the GNU desktop environment. more…
Handheld View, Small-Screen View - A feature that displays the web page, on a mobile device, so that there is selective horizontal scrolling. This is where horizontal scrolling is used only on parts of web pages where it makes sense to maintain the original layout. see Novarra Vision…
Heuristic - An adjective for experience-based techniques that help in problem solving, learning and discovery. see Novarra Vision…
HSPDA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) - A protocol for mobile telephone data transmission designed to speed up network capacity and data transmission rate of cellular phones. It is also known as a 3.5G. more…
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) - The language used to develop and create web pages. more…
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - An application-level protocol (set of rules) for exchanging files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. more…
Hyperlink - A word or graphic that when clicked will navigate between web pages and websites or open a file. more…
I/O (Input/Output) -Refers to the communication between an information processing system (such as a computer), and the outside world - possibly a human, or another information processing system.
Internet MobilityTM - The Novarra concept which that beyond providing access to PC web content on a mobile device, additional usability and contextual aids are needed to allow users to have a rich, compelling experience and transfer web habits to mobile. See Novarra Vision…
Interstitials - Web pages that are displayed before an expected content page, often to display advertisements or confirm the user’s age. see Novarra Vision…
J2ME (Java 2 Platform Micro Edition) - A wireless device platform developed by Sun Microsystems that allows developers to use Java and the J2ME wireless toolkit (now known as Java ME) to create applications and programs for wireless and mobile devices. more…
Java - A high-level object-oriented programming language and software development platform from Sun Microsystems. more…
JavaScript - A scripting language developed by Netscape to enable web authors to design interactive sites. more…
LBS (Location-based Services) - An information and entertainment service, accessible with mobile devices through the mobile network, utilizing the geographical position of the mobile device. more…
LTE (Long Term Evolution) - 4th generation radio network technology utilizing all-IP structure. more…
Micro-browser, Micro-clients - Small footprint web browsers that deliver superior quality browsing and messaging functionality, with intuitive and easy to use navigation. They are device specific and optimized to enhance each device’s unique feature and applications. see Novarra Vision…
MNVO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) - Another category of mobile network operator that lease a network of base stations from another company in that geographical area of service. more…
Mobile Analytics, Mobile Click-stream, Usage Data - The careful analysis of specific user data and behavior of mobile website visitors (e.g. duration of visit, page performance, geography, operator and device specifics, etc.), in a similar way to traditional web analytics or desktop web analytics. see Novarra Vision…
Mobile Broadband - The name used to describe various types of wireless high-speed Internet access through a portable modem, telephone or other device. see Novarra Vision…
Mobile Broadband Optimization, Network Payload Reduction, Network Acceleration - Optimization by reducing the data payload delivered to mobile broadband users by applying document and image compression techniques, HTTP and TCP optimization, and intelligent caching. see Novarra Vision…
Mobile Browser Proxy, Mobile Web Proxy, Mobile Internet Proxy, Mobile Internet Platform, Mobile Server - An intermediary server between a mobile device and the Internet. The server performs content adaptation/optimization before delivering it to the mobile device. see Novarra Vision…
Mobile Browser, Mobile Web Browser, Mobile Phone Browser, Java/J2ME Web Browser, BREW Web Browser, Handheld Browser, Handset Browser, PDA Browser, Cell Phone Browser, Wireless Web Browser - Small footprint web browsers that deliver superior quality browsing and messaging functionality, with intuitive and easy to use navigation. They are device specific and optimized to enhance each device’s unique feature and applications. see Novarra Vision…
Mobile Content, Mobile Web, Mobile Internet, Mobile Internet Services, Mobile Internet Access - Refers to browser-based web services using a mobile device connected to a public network. see Novarra Vision…
Mobile Enterprise Application - A system and/or software that supports a company, business or organization’s personnel that are not constrained to a particular location. see Novarra Vision…
Mobile Repurposing - The process of converting multimedia content from one format to another, and then adapting it to the specific constraints of handheld devices. see Novarra Vision…
Mobile Site, Mobile Website - Websites specifically designed to be viewed with handheld or mobile devices. see Novarra Vision…
Mobile Video Streaming, Mobile Video Transcoding - The process of live streaming a video while re-coding it for a mobile device at the same time. see Novarra Vision…
Mobile Web 2.0, Mobile 2.0 - Refers to browser-based web services such as the World Wide Web, WAP and i-Mode (Japan) using a mobile device such as a cell phone, PDA, or other portable device connected to a public network. more…
Mobile Web Experience - What the end user encounters when using mobile devices to access the Internet. more…
Mobile Web Proxy, Mobile Proxy Server, Cell Phone Server, Proxy Server - An intermediary server that performs content and multimedia adaptation, device optimization and network acceleration between mobile devices and the Internet. more…
Mobile Workforce, Enterprise Mobile Workforce - A company, business or organization’s personnel that are not constrained to a particular location. see Novarra Vision…
MPEG-4 - A patented collection of methods defining compression of audio and visual (AV) digital data. more…
Multimedia Platform - The underlying hardware or software, for a system, used to present information by simultaneously using multiple media, including sound, text, graphics, and video. see Novarra Vision…
My Mobile Web - The brand name created by Alltel for its mobile browser and mobile Internet service that is based upon the Novarra Vision platform. more…
Native Browsers - Web browsers that are pre-packaged on, or specifically designed for, a handheld device. see Novarra Vision…
Network Infrastructure - The architecture, in terms of hardware (equipment), software and connections, that makes up a network. see Novarra Vision…
Network Latency - A time delay experienced in a network between the moment something is initiated, and the moment one of its effects begins or becomes detectable. see Novarra Vision…
nweb Browser - Novarra’s full-featured mobile browser (now known as Vision Browser) that delivers a fast, rich web experience for the broadest range of mobile phones available today. more…
OAM&P (Operation, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning) - A group of management functions that provide system or network fault indication, performance monitoring, security management, diagnostic functions, configuration and user provisioning. see Novarra Vision…
ODP (On-Device Portal) - A mobile application that enables operators to provide a consistent and branded on-device experience to end users. see Novarra Vision…
Off-Portal - The ability to go beyond a portal’s limits to other parts of the Internet. see Novarra Vision…
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) - A handheld device that combines computing, telephone/fax, and networking features. more…
PIM (Personal Information Manager) - A type of software that organizes personal data, such as reminders, lists, dates, addresses, and more, and allows users to link this information with scheduling, calendar, calculator, to-do list, and memo features. more…
Portal - A web site or service that offers a broad array of resources and services, such as e-mail, forums, search engines, and on-line shopping malls. see Novarra Vision…
QoS (Quality of Service) - On the Internet and in other networks, it is the idea that transmission rates, error rates, and other characteristics can be measured, improved, and to some extent, guaranteed in advance. see Novarra Vision…
QWERTY - The most used modern-day keyboard layout on English-language computer and typewriter keyboards. It takes its name from the first six characters seen in the far left of the keyboard’s top row of letters. see Novarra Vision…
RSS (Really Simple Syndication) - A family of web feed formats used to publish frequently updated works, such as blog entries, news headlines, audio, and video in a standardized format. more…
RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) - An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol which provides for faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change. more…
Scalability - The ability of a computer application or product (hardware or software) to continue to function well when it, or its context, is changed in size or volume in order to meet a user need. see Novarra Vision…
Screen Scraping - An inferior process for delivering mobile Internet, used to gather information from a customer’s website. The gatherer accesses the target site by logging in as the customer; electronically reads and copies selected information from the displayed webpage(s), and then redisplay the information on the gatherer’s site. see Novarra Vision…
SLA (Service Level Agreement) - Part of a service contract where the level of service is formally defined. see Novarra Vision…
Slideshow - A Novarra feature that takes the images on a page and presents them as a slideshow to the user and allows them to navigate the content. see Novarra Vision…
Smart Phone Browser, Smart Phone Internet - A web browser specifically designed to use the features and capabilities of the Smart Phone to access the Internet and rich web content. more…
Smart Phone, Smartphone - A mobile phone offering advanced personal computer-like capabilities and functionality. more…
SmartImageTM - A Novarra feature. Images larger than the screen size are automatically scaled for the screen. Image zoom provides the capability to view these images at their original resolution, with panning enabled. see Novarra Vision…
SmartNavTM - A Novarra user selectable feature that automatically jumps the browser to the main content area on a page. see Novarra Vision…
SmartRenderingTM - A Novarra feature. Optimized table, image and page layout to fit specific mobile phone screens sizes. see Novarra Vision…
SmartScrollTM - A Novarra feature that automatically enables horizontal scrolling on sections of web pages where it makes sense to maintain the original site context layout. see Novarra Vision…
SmartSearchTM - A Novarra feature. Web search is automatically integrated into any web page using a clickable search toolbar that provides one click access to several popular search and reference engines. see Novarra Vision…
SmartZoomTM - A Novarra feature. The entire web site is displayed on the screen. Users pan a window around the page and click to zoom in on any page section. see Novarra Vision…
SMS (Short Message Service) - A service using standardized communications protocols allowing the exchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices. more…
Snapshot, Page Overview, Full Page View - Novarra VisionTM server’s specific navigational feature that allows end users to view an entire web page in context and quickly and easily navigate to any site section. see Novarra Vision…
Snap-to-Focus - Novarra feature that automatically identifies and shifts focus to the closest element on a web page. see Novarra Vision…
Streaming Video - A method of transmitting multimedia over the Internet to viewers while it is delivered by a provider. Streaming files are not downloaded to the viewer’s device but are stored on a streaming media server. see Novarra Vision…
Subscribers - Term used by carriers to describe a wireless customer. The correct term to use when referring to users in any communication that could be seen by carriers. see Novarra Vision…
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - The suite of communications protocols used to connect hosts on the Internet. TCP/IP uses several protocols, the two main ones being TCP and IP. more…
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) - A technology for delivering digital wireless service using time division multiplexing (TDM). more…
Transcoder, Transcoding - The direct digital-to-digital conversion of one file format or code to another so that content can be viewed on different playback devices. see Novarra Vision…
Turkcell Video Watch - The mobile video streaming service offered by Turkcell. more…
Turkcell-im - The brand name created by Turkcell for its mobile browser and mobile Internet service that is based upon the Novarra Vision platform. more…
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. more…
User Generated Content - Refers to various kinds of media content, publicly available, that are produced by end-users. more…
Verizon Mobile Web - The brand name created by Verizon Wireless for its mobile browser and mobile Internet service that is based upon the Novarra Vision platform. more…
Viral Web Marketing - Any strategy used on the web that encourages individuals to pass on a marketing message to others, creating the potential for exponential growth in the message’s exposure and influence. see Novarra Vision…
VisionTM Browser - Novarra Incorporated’s full-featured mobile browser (formally known as nweb Browser) that delivers a fast, rich web experience for the broadest range of mobile phones available today. more…
VisionTM Server - Novarra Incorporated’s carrier-grade content transformation server platform delivers an industry- leading user experience by combining the benefits of content adaptation, acceleration, and optimization in a single platform. more…
Vodafone Live! - The brand name created by Vodafone for its mobile browser and mobile Internet service that is based upon the Novarra Vision platform. more…
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) - An international consortium of companies involved with the Internet and the web. The organization’s purpose is to develop open standards so that the web evolves in a single direction rather than being splintered among competing factions. The W3C is the chief standards body for HTTP and HTML. more…
W3C Mobile Web Best Practices Working Group - A group chartered to develop authoring guidelines, checklists and best practices to help content providers to develop web content that works well on mobile devices. more…
Walled Garden - A term used to describe a service, typically a web portal, which users are either prevented from leaving or encouraged not to leave. This is the opposite of “off-portal”. see Novarra Vision…
WAP (Wireless Application Protocol), WAP Browser, WAP Gateway - A standardized, device-independent protocol that defines the development and operating environment for wireless telephones, pagers and handheld devices. more…
Web 2.0 - The second generation of the World Wide Web, especially the movement away from static web pages to dynamic and shareable content and social networking. more…
WebPro Browser - Palm Incorporated’s Personal Data Assistant (PDA) browser, developed by Novarra Incorporated, for a variety of their handheld devices. more…
White List - A basic access control mechanism that allows no one access, except for the members of the white list (i.e. list of authorized accesses). See Novarra Vision…
Widgets, Widget Runtime Engine, Mobile Widget - Widgets are small applications written using standard web markup (HTML, CSS and JavaScript) and are compliant with evolving standards such as the W3C widget specification. more…
WiFi - A trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance for certified products based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. This certification warrants interoperability between different wireless devices. more…
WiMax - IEEE 802.16, a wireless network that is intended for wireless metropolitan area networks. more…
Wireless Browser, Wireless Web Browser - Software applications, specifically designed for handheld and wireless devices, used to find and display web pages. see Novarra Vision…
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) - A type of local-area network that uses high-frequency radio waves rather than wires to communicate between devices in a limited area. more…
WML (Wireless Markup Language) - An Extensible Markup Language (XML) used to specify content and user interface for Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) devices. more…
WMV (Windows Media Video) - A compressed video file format developed by Microsoft. more…
WRT (Web Runtime) - A browser-based engine along with a set of components that allow widget installation, application management and access to device features, via a JavaScript API (Application Programming Interface), for mobile phones. see Novarra Vision…
www3 - The brand name created by 3 Italia (Tre Italia) for its mobile browser and mobile Internet service that is based upon the Novarra Vision platform. more…
XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) - A version of HTML 4.0 that has been rewritten as an XML application. more…
XML (Extensible Markup Language) - A generic language format developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and used for representing a Document Object Model (DOM). more…
Yahoo! oneSearch - Yahoo’s Internet search service designed just for mobile users. more…
Zoom Image - A feature to enlarge images that were reduced in size to fit on the mobile phone screen. see Novarra Vision…